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سیاسی و روابط بین الملل::
اقدام جمعی
to collective action (Petersen, 2001), a fact that illustrates the importance of heterogeneity
mobilization theory also argues that grievances alone are not enough to motivate violent collective action.80 Fearon and Laitin imply that relative deprivation is too preoccupied with economic grievances.
Without feelings of frustration or dissatisfaction with the status quo, it is unlikely that dissident groups would form and mobilize in collective action.99 The "movement 30 It is the character of a nation's political system, which will determine whether populations will mobilize in violent rebellions or utilize nonviolent alternatives.
Political Process advocatesmaintain that political violence "is an outcomeof an ill-fated convergence of three variables-indiscriminate repression,exclusive organizations and anti-system ideologies."102It is not that poverty, perceived inequality and volatile markets are not potential indicators of politicalviolence, they justare not sufficientfor violent collective action.
The emphasis of this perspective is on "human aggressiveness and "self-interested decisions in [the] formation of collective actions"" (Nilsson, 1999:149) stressing that for an elite, collective action is not purely based on the desire to achieve collective goals, but rather the individual's desire to achieve their goal.
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